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Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan ( – ) was a historic and subsequently successful political movement that aimed for the independence of Pakistan from the British Empire, to form the new independent nation state by the union of the four provinces located in the far northwest of the Indian subcontinent, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as the far eastern region of Bengal.
The movement progressed alongside the Indian independence movement which had similar views and motives, but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia. The first organised political movements were in Aligarh where another literary movement was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that built the genesis of the Pakistan movement. An educational convention held in 1906 with joint efforts of Syed Ahmad Khan and Vikar-ul-Haq, the Muslim reformers took the movement to the political stage in the form of establishing the mainstream and then newly formed All-India Muslim League (AIML), with prominent moderate leaders seeking to protect the basic rights of Muslims in the British Raj. During the initial stages of the movement, it adopted the vision of philosopher Iqbal after addressing at the convention of the AIML's annual session. Muhammad Ali Jinnah's constitutional struggle further helped gaining public support for the movement in the four provinces. Urdu poets such as Iqbal and Faiz used literature, poetry and speech as a powerful tool for political awareness. Feminists such as Sheila Pant and Fatima Jinnah championed the emancipation of Pakistan's women and their participation in national politics.
The Pakistan Movement was led by a large and diversified group of people whose struggle ultimately resulted in the British Empire announcing the Indian Independence Act 1947, which created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan.〔〕 The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations in Pakistani society, government, and ways of thinking. Efforts and struggles of the Founding Fathers resulted in the creation of the democratic and independent government. In the following years, another nationally–minded subset went on to established a strong government, followed by the military intervention in 1958. Grievousness and unbalanced economic distribution caused an upheaval which led the East Pakistan declared independence as the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971. After a strong concessions and consents reached in 1973, the new Constitution established a relatively strong government, institutions, national courts, a legislature that represented both states in the Senate and population in the National Assembly.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://storyofpakistan.com/the-constitution-of-1973/ )〕 Pakistan's phase shift to republicanism, and the gradually increasing democracy, caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in Pakistan.
== History of the movement ==
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